Sega Sammy Group Formerly Name: Sammy Corporation Sega Enterprises Native Name : セガサミーホールディングス株式会社 Romanized Name: Sega Samī Hōrudingusu kabushikigaisha Company Profile: Developer & Publisher Company Type:: Public Company Parent Company: N/A Headquarters: Tokyo, Japan Founded: 1 October 2004 Founder: N/A Fate: Active Sega Sammy Holdings Inc. (also known as the Sega Sammy Group ) is a Japanese global holding company formed from the merger of Sega and Sammy Corporation in 2004. Both companies are involved in the amusement industry ( Sega with arcade and home video games, Sammy with pachinko machines). Sega was founded on June 3, 1960, by American businessman Martin Bromley. The company started to distribute slot machines to U.S. bases in Japan. During the 1960s, Service Games was renamed to Sega Enterprises Ltd. Sega Enterprises sold their first product, the electro-mechanical game called Periscope which became a worldwide hit. In 1969, Sega Enterprises was acquired by U.S. conglomerate Gulf and Western Industries (which also owned famed movie studio Paramount Pictures around this time). In 1983, Sega launched the Sega Computer Videogame SG-1000 , the first 8-bit video game platform. In 1986, the CSK Group acquired Sega Enterprises through capital participation. Sega Europe Ltd. was established in Europe, and in 1985, Sega Enterprises Inc. was established in the United States. These regional subsidiaries served as a marketing base for amusement arcade machines. Sammy Corporation was founded on November 1, 1975, as Sammy Industry Co., Ltd. by Japanese business magnate, Hajime Satomi. It was formed from Satomi Corporation 's manufacturing and marketing divisions for amusement arcade machines. In the 1980s, Sammy marketed and sold Pachislot machines, and in the 1990s, Sammy expanded their portfolio by marketing and selling Pachinko machines. These two business ventures have been the primary pillar of Sammy Corporations revenue. During 1997, Sammy Industry Co., Ltd. changed its name to Sammy Corporation . By 2000, Sammy Corporation was listed in the Tokyo Stock Exchange's 1st section, indicating it as a "large company". Outside of Pachinko and Pachislot industry, Sammy Corporation was also involved in the video game industry as a publisher for fighting games such as the Guilty Gear series (developed by Arc System Works ), The Rumble Fish series (developed by Dimps ) and Survival Arts . According to the first Sega Sammy Annual Report, the merger of the two companies happened due to the companies facing difficulties. According to chairman Hajime Satomi, Sega had been in the red for nearly 10 years and lacked a clear financial base. Sammy , on the other hand, feared stagnation and overreliance of its highly profitable pachislot and pachinko machine business, and wanted to diversify its business in new fields, using Sega 's broader range of involvement in different entertainment fields. Together, as the Sega Sammy Group , the company has grown and acquired and founded multiple companies. Until 2015, the group was structured in four areas: The "Consumer Business", which contained video games, toys and animation. The "Amusement Machine Business" which contained Sega's arcade business. The "Amusement Center Business" which contained Sega's amusement centers and theme parks. The "Pachislot and Pachinko Business" is the Sammy Corporation and is the main pillar of the group's revenue. On December 22, 2010, Sega Sammy Holdings acquired the remaining outstanding shares of TMS Entertainment , thus making TMS Entertainment a wholly owned subsidiary of Sega Sammy Holdings . In April 2017, Marza Animation Planet , Sega 's CGI animation studio, was restructured into TMS Entertainment . Sega Sammy Holdings announced in April that they have made a €706 million ($776 million USD) offer to acquire Rovio Entertainment . Rovio rejected an earlier acquisition bid from Israeli mobile company Playtika for $800 million. The deal closed on 17 August 2023, making the latter company a wholly owned subsidiary of Sega . Wikipedia contributors. "Sega Sammy Holdings." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 28 Jan. 2024. Company Structure Pachislot and pachinko machine business: Sammy Corporation Sammy NetWorks Co, Ltd Ginza Corporation RODEO Co, Ltd Taiyo Elec Co, Ltd Entertainment contents business: Sega Group Corporation: Atlus Atlus USA Sega Corporation Sega development studios : Sega of America, Inc. Sega Europe Ltd. Amplitude Studios Creative Assembly Creative Assembly Sofia Hardlight Relic Entertainment Rovio Entertainment Sports Interactive Two Point Studios Ryu Ga Gotoku Studio Sega Korea Co., Ltd. Sega Shanghai Co., Ltd. Sonic Team Play Heart, Inc. Sega Logistics Service Co., Ltd. Sega Amusements Europe Ltd. Sega Amusements Taiwan Ltd. Sega Toys Sega Toys (Hk) Co., Ltd. Sega Sammy Filmworks: TMS Entertainment Co, Ltd Jinni's Inc Marza Animation Planet, Inc Telecom Animation Film Co, Ltd TMS Entertainment USA, Inc TMS Music Co, Ltd TMS Music (HK) Ltd TMS Music (UK) Ltd TMS Photo Co, Ltd TOCSIS INC Dartslive Co, Ltd DARTSLIVE INTERNATIONAL Ltd iDarts Group Ltd DARTSLIVE ASIA Ltd DARTSLIVE USA INC DARTSLIVE EUROPE LTD Resort business: PHOENIX RESORT CO., LTD. PARADISE SEGASAMMY Co., Ltd. Sega Sammy Golf Entertainment Inc. Key People: Hajime Satomi (Chairman) Haruki Satomi (President and Group CEO)

NIS America Formerly Name: N/A Company Profile: Publisher Company Type:: Subsidiary Parent Company: Nippon Ichi Software Headquarters: Santa Ana, California, USA Founded: 24 December 2003 Founder: Toshinobu Komazawa Fate: Active NIS America , a localization and global publishing branch of Nippon Ichi Software , was founded on December 24, 2003. Based in Santa Ana, California, it originally focused solely on the North American market until being expanded to include Europe and other regions in 2007. The branch was the result of the company's wish to focus on international publication of their works in the United States, given the increased popularity of their games outside of Japan. Prior to 2003, NIS games were released in English by contracted publishers. Some of the company's more well-known releases include entries in the Atelier , Ys , and Trails series, among others. Wikipedia contributors. "Nippon Ichi Software." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 28 Dec. 2023.

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rogue-like Roguelike (or rogue-like ) is a style of role-playing game traditionally characterized by a dungeon crawl through procedurally generated levels, turn-based gameplay, grid-based movement, and permanent death of the player character. Most roguelikes are based on a high fantasy narrative, reflecting their influence from tabletop role-playing games such as Dungeons & Dragons . Though Beneath Apple Manor predates it, the 1980 game Rogue , which is an ASCII based game that runs in terminal or terminal emulator, is considered the forerunner and the namesake of the genre, with derivative games mirroring Rogue 's character- or sprite-based graphics. These games were popularized among college students and computer programmers of the 1980s and 1990s, leading to hundreds of variants. Some of the better-known variants include Hack , NetHack , Ancient Domains of Mystery , Moria , Angband , Tales of Maj'Eyal , and Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup . The Japanese series of Mystery Dungeon games by Chunsoft, inspired by Rogue , also fall within the concept of roguelike games. The exact definition of a roguelike game remains a point of debate in the video game community. A "Berlin Interpretation" drafted in 2008 defined a number of high- and low-value factors that distinguished the "pure" roguelike games Rogue , NetHack and Angband from edge cases like Diablo . The Berlin Interpretation defined nine high-value factors: The game uses random dungeon generation to increase replayability. Games may include pre-determined levels such as a town level common to the Moria family where the player can buy and sell equipment, but these are considered to reduce the randomness set by the Berlin Interpretation. This "random generation" is nearly always based on some procedural generation approach rather than true randomness. Procedural generation uses a set of rules defined by the game developers to seed the generation of the dungeon generally to assure that each level of the dungeon can be completed by the player without special equipment, and also can generate more aesthetically pleasing levels. In addition, the appearances of magical items may vary from run to run. For example, a "bubbly" potion might heal wounds one game, then poison the player character in the next. The game uses permadeath. Once a character dies, the player must begin a new game, known as a "run", which will regenerate the game's levels anew due to procedural generation. A "save game" feature will only provide suspension of gameplay and not a limitlessly recoverable state; the stored session is deleted upon resumption or character death. Players can circumvent this by backing up stored game data ("save scumming"), an act that is usually considered cheating; the developers of Rogue introduced the permadeath feature after introducing a save function, finding that players were repeatedly loading saved games to achieve the best results. According to Rogue 's Michael Toy, they saw their approach to permadeath not as a means to make the game painful or difficult but to put weight on every decision the player made as to create a more immersive experience. The game is turn-based , giving the player as much time as needed to make a decision. Gameplay is usually step-based, where player actions are performed serially and take a variable measure of in-game time to complete. Game processes (e.g., monster movement and interaction, progressive effects such as poisoning or starvation) advance based on the passage of time dictated by these actions. The game is grid-based. Gameplay takes place on a uniform grid of tiles. This is usually presented in an ASCII representation of the dungeon. The game is non-modal, in that every action should be available to the player regardless of where they are in the game. The Interpretation notes that shops like in Angband do break this non-modality. The game has a degree of complexity due to the number of different game systems in place that allow the player to complete certain goals in multiple ways, creating emergent gameplay. For example, to get through a locked door, the player may attempt to pick the lock, kick it down, burn down the door, or even tunnel around it, depending on their current situation and inventory. A common phrase associated with NetHack is "The Dev Team Thinks of Everything" in that the developers seem to have anticipated every possible combination of actions that a player may attempt to try in their gameplay strategy, such as using gloves to protect one's character while wielding the corpse of a cockatrice as a weapon to petrify enemies by its touch. The player must use resource management to survive. Items that help sustain the player, such as food and healing items, are in limited supply, and the player must figure out how to use these most advantageously to survive in the dungeon. USGamer further considers "stamina decay" as another feature related to resource management. The player's character constantly needs to find food to avoid starvation, which prevents the player from exploiting health regeneration by simply either passing turns for a long period of time or fighting very weak monsters at low level dungeons. Rich Carlson, one of the creators of an early roguelike-like Strange Adventures in Infinite Space , called this aspect a sort of "clock", imposing some type of deadline or limitation on how much the player can explore and creating tension in the game. The game is focused on hack and slash-based gameplay, where the goal is to kill many monsters, and where other peaceful options do not exist. The game requires the player to explore the world, and discover the purpose of unidentified items. In games featuring random generation, this must be done again every playthrough, as both the map and the appearances of items change. Low-value factors from the Berlin Interpretation are: The game is based on controlling only a single character throughout one playthrough. Monsters have behavior that is similar to the player-character, such as the ability to pick up items and use them, or cast spells. The game aimed to provide a tactical challenge that may require players to play through several times to learn the appropriate tactics for survival. The game involves exploring dungeons which are made up of rooms and interconnecting corridors. Some games may have open areas or natural features, such as rivers, though these are considered against the Berlin Interpretation. The game presents the status of the player and the game through numbers on the game's screen/interface. Though this is not addressed by the Berlin Interpretation, roguelikes are generally single-player games. On multi-user systems, leaderboards are often shared between players. Some roguelikes allow traces of former player characters to appear in later game sessions in the form of ghosts or grave markings. Some games such as NetHack even have the player's former characters reappear as enemies within the dungeon. Multi-player turn-based derivatives such as TomeNET , MAngband , and Crossfire do exist and are playable online. The term "roguelike " came from Usenet newsgroups around 1993, as this was the principal channel the players of roguelike games of that period were using to discuss these games, as well as what the developers used to announce new releases and even distribute the game's source code in some cases. With several individual groups for each game, it was suggested that with rising popularity of Rogue , Hack , Moria , and Angband , all of which shared common elements, that the groups be consolidated under an umbrella term to facilitate cross-game discussion. Debate among users of these groups ensued to try to find an encapsulating term that described the common elements, starting with rec.games.dungeon.*, but after three weeks of discussion, rec.games.roguelike.*, based on Rogue being the oldest of these types of games, was picked as "the least of all available evils". By the time it was suggested that a group be created to discuss the development of these kind of games in 1998, the "roguelike " term was already established within the community. This usage parallels that of "Doom clone", a term used in 1990s that later evolved into more generic "first-person shooter". Read more about Rogue-like here. Wikipedia contributors. "Roguelike." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 5 Jan. 2024. Rogue-like sub-genres : Rogue-lite List of Rogue-Like Games Title Image Release Date Platform Rating Game Version Origin Title Cult of the Lamb 2022.08.11 PS4, PS5, XBO, XSX, NS, Mac, Win 3.6 main title N/A

505 Games Formerly Name: N/A Company Profile: Publisher Company Type:: Subsidiary Parent Company: Digital Bros (2006) Headquarters: Milan, Italy Founded: 2006 Founder: N/A Fate: Active 505 Games S.p.A. is an Italian video game publisher based in Milan. It was founded in 2006 as a subsidiary of Milan-based Digital Bros. In March 2015, 505 Games purchased 2.67% stock of Swedish game developer Starbreeze Studios. In January 2016, 505 Games announced that they will shift their focus from publishing games for other developers to developing their own intellectual properties. In October 2016, 505 Games has announced through Koji Igarashi, their collaboration in publishing Bloodstained: Ritual of the Night from Igarashi's own ArtPlay, DICO and Inti Creates, though Inti's involvement has been reduced. At the Sony E3 press conference on 11 June 2018, 505 Games announced a partnership with Remedy Entertainment to publish Control . In April 2015, 505 Games was awarded the title of Best Indie Games Label at the MCV Awards. 505 Games acquired Australia-based Infinity Plus Two, the developers of the Puzzle Quest games in January 2021. 505 Games is working with Rabbit and Bear Studios to publish Eiyuden Chronicle: Hundred Heroes , a spiritual successor to the Suikoden series. The partnership was announced February 2021. On 27 June 2022 D3 Go! was acquired by 505 Games . The acquisition also included the intellectual property of the Puzzle Quest games. Wikipedia contributors. "505 Games." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia . Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 21 Sep. 2023. Company Structure Subsidiaries: 505 Mobile DR Studios Hawken Entertainment Infinity Plus Two

apple macos Developer : Apple Inc OS Family : Mac - Unix Release Date : 20 September 2016 (v10.12 - macOS Sierra) Platforms : x86-64, Arm64 Editions: macOS Sierra (v10.12), macOS High Sierra (v10.13), macOS Mojave (v10.14), macOS Catalina (v10.15), macOS Big Sur (v11), macOS Monterey (v12), macOS Ventura (v13), macOS Sonoma (v14) macOS , originally Mac OS X , previously shortened as OS X , is an operating system developed and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001. It is the primary operating system for Apple's Mac computers. Within the market of desktop and laptop computers, it is the second most widely used desktop OS, after Microsoft Windows and ahead of all Linux distributions, including ChromeOS . In 2016, with the release of macOS 10.12 Sierra , the name was changed from OS X to macOS , in order to align it with the branding of Apple's other primary operating systems, iOS , watchOS , and tvOS . macOS Sierra added Siri, iCloud Drive, picture-in-picture support, a Night Shift mode that switches the display to warmer colors at night, and two Continuity features: Universal Clipboard, which syncs a user's clipboard across their Apple devices, and Auto Unlock, which can unlock a user's Mac with their Apple Watch. macOS Sierra also adds support for the Apple File System (APFS), Apple's successor to the dated HFS+ file system. macOS 10.13 High Sierra , released in 2017, included performance improvements, Metal 2 and HEVC support, and made APFS the default file system for SSD boot drives. Its successor, macOS 10.14 Mojave , was released in 2018, adding a dark mode option and a dynamic wallpaper setting. It was succeeded by macOS 10.15 Catalina in 2019, which replaces iTunes with separate apps for different types of media, and introduces the Catalyst system for porting iOS apps. In 2020, Apple previewed macOS 11 Big Sur at the WWDC 2020. This was the first increment in the primary version number of macOS since the release of Mac OS X Public Beta in 2000; updates to macOS 11 were given 11.x numbers, matching the version numbering scheme used by Apple's other operating systems. Big Sur brought major changes to the UI and was the first version to run on the Arm instruction set. The new numbering system was continued in 2021 with macOS 12 Monterey , 2022 with macOS 13 Ventura , and 2023 with macOS 14 Sonoma . macOS versions: v10.12 Sierra: released to end users on Tuesday, September 20, 2016 v10.13 High Sierra: released to end users on Monday, September 25, 2017 v10.14 Mojave: released to end users on Monday, September 24, 2018 v10.15 Catalina: released to end users on Monday, October 7, 2019 v11 Big Sur: released to end users on Thursday, November 12, 2020 v12 Monterey: released to end users on Monday, October 25, 2021 v13 Ventura: released to end users on Monday, October 24, 2022 v14 Sonoma: released to end users on Tuesday, September 26, 2023 Wikipedia contributors. "MacOS." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 31 Jan. 2024. Hardware Supported (early versions and later) Sierra & High Sierra: Processor support: 64-bit Intel Laptop: MacBook (late 2009) MacBook Air (late 2010) MacBook Pro (mid 2010) Desktop: Mac Mini (mid 2010) iMac (late 2009) Mac Pro (mid 2010) High Sierra: Processor support: 64-bit Intel Desktop: iMac Pro (2017) Mojave: Processor support: 64-bit Intel Laptop: MacBook: (early 2015) MacBook Air: (mid 2012) MacBook Pro: (mid 2012) Desktop: Mac Mini: (late 2012) iMac: (late 2012) iMac Pro: (2017) Mac Pro: (mid 2010) Catalina: Processor support: 64-bit Intel Laptop: MacBook: (early 2015) MacBook Air: (mid 2012) MacBook Pro: (mid 2012) Desktop: Mac Mini: (late 2012) iMac: (late 2012) iMac Pro: (2017) Mac Pro: (late 2013) Big Sur: Processor support: 64-bit Intel and ARM Laptop: MacBook: (early 2015) MacBook Air: (mid 2013) MacBook Pro: (late 2013) Desktop: Mac Mini: (late 2014) iMac: (mid 2014) iMac Pro: (2017) Mac Pro: (late 2013) Monterey : Processor support: 64-bit Intel and ARM Laptop: MacBook: (early 2016) MacBook Air: (early 2015) Mac Book Pro: (early 2015) Desktop: Mac Mini: (late 2014) iMac: (late 2015) iMac Pro: (2017) Mac Studio: (2022) Mac Pro: (late 2013) Ventura: Processor support: 64-bit Intel and ARM Laptop: MacBook: (2017) MacBook Air: (2018) MacBook Pro: (2017) Desktop: Mac Mini: (2018) iMac: (2017) iMac Pro: (2017) Mac Studio: (2022) Mac Pro: (2019) Sonoma: Processor support: 64-bit Intel and ARM Laptop: MacBook Air: (2018) MacBook Pro: (2018) Desktop: Mac Mini: (2018) iMac: (2019) iMac Pro: (2017) Mac Studio: (2022) Mac Pro: (2019) List of macOS Compatible Games Title Image Release Date Game Version Origin Title Genre Rating Cult of the Lamb 2022.08.11 main title N/A rogue-like 3.6 Colossal Cave 2023.01.19 remaster Colossal Cave Adventure graphic adventure 1.7 Citizen Sleeper 2022.05.05 main title N/A tactical role-playing game 2.8